Researching Serving You ... And its Catalog Records

Yes.  That is, in fact, a nun on the postal side of the counter in a post office. She is Sister Marciana, SSJ, and she was the postmaster of the Nazareth, Michigan Post Office. This picture appeared in newspapers around the country in 1974. But this blog post is not specifically about Sister Marciana; it is about the book she edited: Serving You 1802-1976: Post Offices of Michigan.

Researching this book  and its catalog records has become an adventure.  I have no formal library cataloging training; but I have cataloged just enough books on Library Thing, and researched just enough cataloging references online from AACR2 (Anglo American Cataloging Rules) and RDA (Resource Description and Access) to make me dangerous.  I invite professional library catalogers to contact me and correct me when I "put book in mouth" while discussing library cataloging.

In July 1975, the President of the National Association of Postmasters, Michigan Chapter, appointed Sister Marciana, SSJ, Postmaster, Nazareth, Michigan to gather and edit a history of all of the post offices of the state of Michigan "serving the people of the world in 1976." The book was to be the contribution of the Postmasters of Michigan for the Bicentennial Year.

Sister Marciana asked all of the postmasters of Michigan to submit brief histories of their post offices. And to identify the towns of Michigan, she acquired a copy of Michigan Place Names, a book published by Walter Romig in 1973. Here is the entry from Michigan Place Names for Nazareth:

Together with Ruth M. Reed, Postmaster of Cloverdale, Michigan, Sister Marciana traveled to the General Services Administration in Washington, D.C., combed the micro-films of the General Archives—now called the National Archives—and gathered the names of Michigan Postmasters from the early 1800s on.

When she finally finished gathering, compiling, and editing the mounds of postal information, her book contained 995 pages.

To her book, Sister Marciana added a Dedication Page:

Sister Marciana added an Editor's Note Page:

Sister Marciana added an Editor's Acknowledgements Page:

Sister Marciana added sixteen pages of Highlights of Postal History:

But one page Sister Marciana did not add was a Title Page!



The title page is the primary source of information for the library cataloger to create a bibliographic record or catalog record of a book. What happens when there is no title page?  There is no Publication Statement to use to create the catalog record.  According to current Anglo American Cataloging Rules (AACR2), when there is no title page, library catalogers look for secondary sources in order to create the catalog record. An excellent secondary source is the copyright statement usually printed on the verso of the title page. But, as there is no title page in this book, there is no title verso, and no copyright statement. In fact, I don't believe this book was copyrighted—at least I didn't see it listed in UPenn's Catalog of Copyright Entries. If there is no title page, and no title verso, the cataloger looks at other parts of the book as secondary sources of information. And in some cases, when library catalogers use other secondary sources to create the catalog record, they sometimes create vastly different catalog records for the same book:

The Library of Congress (LOC) catalog record:

The Smithsonian Libraries catalog record of the copy in the National Postal Museum:

The title, name of the author, and date of publication are different in these two catalog records. And the information recorded for name of publisher and place of publication is different.

The LOC cataloger obtained the title and the name of the author from the cover, and the name of publisher and place of publication from the Editor's Acknowledgements Page. The cataloger most likely obtained the year of publication from the printing statement on the front flap of the dust jacket. There is, however, a doubt in my mind whether a printing statement can be considered a secondary source of publication information under current AACR2 cataloging rules. More on this later:

The Smithsonian Libraries cataloger obtained the title from the cover, and recorded a probable date of publication with a question mark after it. There was no question mark after the date of publication in the LOC catalog record.   For the place of publication and name of publisher, the cataloger recorded the abbrieviations "s.l" and "s.n.," which stand for the latin phrases "sine loco" and "sine nomine"—"without place" and "without name." Lastly, the cataloger obtained the names of the authors from the Dedication Page:

Both the LOC catalog record and the Smithsonian Libraries catalog record are not completely accurate.

The name of the publisher and the place of publication in the LOC catalog record are not accurate. The book was self-published; Walter Romig (1903-1977) was not the publisher. A closer look at the Editor's Acknowledgments Page reveals that Sister Marciana was merely acknowledging that she used Walter Romig's book, Michigan Place Names, to help identify the post offices of Michigan. She inserted Walter Romig's offical title of publisher and his address after his name purely as a means of formal identification. She did the same for the others listed on the Editor's Acknowledgements Page. As for Walter Romig, he was an author himself and a publisher of numerous books, all of which have title pages. If Walter Romig were the publisher of Sister Marciana's book, don't you think he would have included a title page?

The name of the author, and probable date of publication in the Smithsonian Libraries catalog record are not accurate. The cataloger should have obtained the name of the author from the cover as well, instead of from the Dedication Page. The cover clearly states, "edited by Sr. Marciana, SSJ." Ruth M. Reed's name is not listed on the cover. Nor is Ruth M. Reed one of the signatories of either the Editor's Note Page or the Editor's Acknowledgments Page.  The former page begins with the words, "Little did I dream," and the latter page begins with the words, "Were I to name all." If Ruth M. Reed were one of the editors, the word "we" would have replaced the word "I."  Ruth M. Reed's only stated contribution to the book was helping Sister Marciana research the names of former postmasters in the National Archives, a contribution which  Sister Marciana mentions in the Editor's Note Page. 

The date of publication is incorrectly listed as 1976. I queried the Smithsonian Libaries, asking if its copy included the dust jacket.  Baasil Wilder, Reference Librarian, History and Culture Department, Research Services Division, Smithsonian Libraries,  verified that the Smithsonian Libraries copy, which the library received in 1980, lacks the dust jacket.  The lack of the dust jacket deprived the cataloger of the source for the printing statement: "LIMITED EDITION, June 1977 Hastings Commercial Printers Barry County Hastings Michigan."  Since the book was "a bicentennial project," the cataloger probably figured the book was published in 1976. A little later, I will show that dated entries in the book make it unlikely that the book was published in 1976.

One thing I have not said is which title is the correct title. While I prefer the title from the LOC catalog record,"Serving you, 1802-1976: Post Offices of Michigan," it is interesting to note that the title from the Smithsonian Libraries catalog record, "Post Offices of Michigan," is the same title that is on the spine:

And just to muddy up the waters a bit more, here is a little tidbit straight out of the horse's mouth, so to speak—Sister Marciana's mouth. Although she did not add a title page to her book, she did tell us the title of her book. On Page 795, in the history of the post office in Romeo, Mi., Sister Marciana wrote:

"Post Offices Serving All the People of Michigan." Chime in librarians, please! Should Sister Marcians's own title be the title that is recorded in the catalog record of her book?

There are at least thirteen other libraries who have copies of Sister Marciana's book, all but one of which I identified via WorldCat.

The catalog records of three of these libraries are practically mirror images of the LOC catalog record:

The University of Michigan Library copy catalog record:

The University of Western Michigan Library catalog record:

The University of Texas at Dallas Library catalog record:

The catalog records of seven libraries are practically mirror images of the Smithsonian Libraries catalog record.

The Michigan State University Library catalog record:

The Spring Arbor University Library catalog record:

The Jackson [Michigan] District Library catalog record:

The Lake Superior State University Library catalog record:

The Michigan Technological University Library catalog record:

The Wisconsin University Library (Wisconsin Historical Society) catalog record:

The Newberry Library catalogue record:

The catalog record of another library is similar to the Smithsonian Libraries catalog record, but with a variation of the title, one that is close to Sister Marciana's stated title:

The Manatee County [Florida] Library catalog record:

And the catalog record of yet another library has the same title and date of publication as the Smithsonian Libraries copy, but has a strikingly different place of publication and name of publisher. The catalog record indicates that the cataloger believed this book was self-published:

The Eastern Michigan University Library catalog record:

I queried the Eastern Michigan University Library, asking if its copy had the dust jacket. Keith Stanger, Information Services Librarian, responded that the EMU copy was lacking its dust jacket.

For want of a title page, the publication statement was not found. For want of the publication statement, the name of the publisher, and place and date of publication were not found. For want of the name of the publisher, and place and date of publication, an accurate catalog record was not found. And all for the want of a title page.

There is yet another catalog record, one that is not listed on WorldCat. I found it first via the Van Buren Regional Genealogical Society's Ancestry.com's pages. Scroll down about four pages and you will see this listing:

Here is the official Van Buren County District Library catalog record:

I find this catalog record to be significant because it includes the dust jacket's printing statement as a core element in the catalog record. Earlier, I mentioned my doubts whether the printing statement can be considered as a secondary source of information under current AACR2 cataloging rules. Professional library catalogers reading this blog post should chime in and correct me if I'm wrong; but I don't believe the Printing Statement is considered to be a core element of the catalog record under AACR2.
I don't have to worry about AACR2 much longer; RDA cataloging rules are scheduled to replace AACR2 cataloging rules in 2013. And the printing statement will be a part of the core element, the Manufacture Statement:

The only thing I would change with the Van Buren catalog record is its title, "Serving You; Post Offices of Michigan." I believe the dates 1802-1976 should be included in the title because the book was a special project for 1976, the bicentennial year. Moreover, it contains the histories of the post offices of Michigan from 1802 to 1976.

Earlier I mentioned that dated entries in the book will show it unlikely that the book was published in 1976. The entries are from the histories of the various post offices. The postmasters submitted histories of their post offices during the year 1976:

Page 76: Larry Hester was appointed Postmaster, Bellevue,Mi. 49021 on July 3, 1976.

Page 279: Alfred Hewitt was appointed Postmaster, East Tawas, Mi. 48730 on April 23, 1976.

Page 284: Edenville, Mi. 49825. "...was housed in a one-hudred year old building until it was moved into a new building on May 1, 1976."

Page 289: Elkton, Mi. 48731. "In 1955, in need of larger quarters, it was moved to a location on Highway M-142. and recently (May 29,1976) directly across the street into a new Postal Facility of 1056 square feet."

Page 309: Fairview, Mi. 48621. "As of this writing, 1976, Postmaster Carl Krepp has already served the people of Fairview for twenty-five years."

Page 522: Lansing, Mi. 48924. "During FY 1976 revenue from postage alone had grown to ...."

Page 537: Limestone, Mi. 49851. "The postoffice [sic], as of 1976, is a fourth class office, serving the people of the area."

Page 795: Romeo, Mi. 48065. "Romeo, in 1976, is a first class Post Office."

Page 825: Saline, Mi. 48176. "Postmaster Heffington died in office in February 1976."

Page 986: Winn, Mi. 48896. "Aside from the Post Office, 1976 is Winn's centennial year and a great celebration was held from June 17-20.... On August 27, 1976, we are doing the 'Patriotic Songs' at the Isabella County Fair...."


The Postmaster of the Winn, Mi. Post Office submitted this last entry no sooner than June 21, 1976 and no later than August 26, 1976. The latest recorded dated entry in the entire book is July 3, 1976. If Sister Marciana's book were published in 1976, this effectively gives her less than six months to complete the compiling and editing of her book, not to mention how much time Hastings Commercial Printers would need to print it.

I should also note that there are two copies of this book listed on AbeBooks, but with different titles and different dates of publication. One of them, Post Offices of Michigan; Serving You, 1802 - 1976, is a stated Limited Edition, and has a date of publication of 1977. This copy has the dust jacket. The other copy, Serving You, 1802-1976: Post Offices of Michigan, Dedicated to Our Fellow Postmasters Who Have And Who Are "Serving You," is reportedly a first edition, first printing, and has a date of publication of 1976; however, the listing does not mention that the dust jacket is present. This copy has a presentation inscription from the author. The inscription, however, is dated 1977, which should send up red flares!

In bold capital letters in the printing statement, or soon-to-be-called manufacture statement, on the front flap of the dust jacket are the words, LIMITED EDITION, which to me means there was only one edition, and only one printing. If there were 1976 and 1977 printings, I'm sure the 1977 printing would have said, "second printing," instead of "Limited Edition." But to rule out the implausible, I queried Toni I. Benson, Local History Librarian, Van Buren District Library, Decatur, MI, and asked her to verify the date of printing on the dust jacket of her copy. The date on her copy is June 1977 as well. Btw, kudos for the Van Buren District Library's page, vbdl.org. Lots of information. I particularly liked the Election Information.

Finally, this is how I have my copy cataloged on Library Thing:

How would you catalog the book?

About That Engraving By William Kneass . . .

In my August 2012 post to My Sentimental Library blog, "Grammars, Spellers, and Writing Guides," I made particular mention of an engraving by William Kneass in the 1806 First American Edition of Epea pteroenta; or, The Diversions of Purley by John Horne Tooke:

Of note is the frontispiece of the first volume, an illustration of prepositions. It was engraved by William Kneass (1781-1840), who later became the Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, a position he held from 1824 until his death in 1840.

William Kneass impressed me with the design of his engraving. He pictorially defined the prepositions in a brilliant diagram. Here's an expanded view, with his last name and the abbreviation "sc," printed immediately below the circle. "Sc" stands for "sculptsit" or "sculpserunt." In layman's terms, the words mean "engraved by."

In researching Kneass, I learned that numismatists at uspatterns.com "are of the opinion that there is not a single United States pattern coin design that can be attributed to Kneass."

To me, this made Kneass's engraving in The Diversions of Purley even more noteworthy.

Just a few days after uploading my August blog post, I began researching for my September blog post. "Eloquent Words, Written and Spoken," I thought, would be the title for my September post. And the following engraving looked inviting as an Intro:

The engraving is the front cover of a bookseller catalogue from the late 1980s.

You will read more about Karen Thomson's catalogues of Books on Language in my October post to My Sentimental Library blog. I have over sixty of her catalogues.

Here is Karen Thomson's listing of the 1668 book that contained the engraving I was interested in:

The engraving appeared to illustrate how vowels and consonants were spoken. But I wanted to know more so I viewed Wilkin's work online via Early English Books Online (EEBO).   Rather interesting, it is. Wilkins was attempting to make English the universal language, replacing Latin.

I browsed the thumbnails on EEBO, and quickly found the illustration I was looking for:

And in the same chapter on natural grammar I found this engraving as well:

So much for Kneass designing the engraving in The Diversions of Purley! I don't know what they call it in engraving circles, but in writing circles we call it plagiarism. Granted, Kneass changed the man's clothes and even had the man's hand pointing straight instead of up, but everything else in the diagram is the same.

The 1668 engraving is not signed, but John Wilkins was an engraver, and may have designed and engraved this illustration himself.

Researching further –– something I failed to do before praising Kneass –– I notice that Wilkins, his figure of a man, and the phrase,"the following diagram," are mentioned in the chapter on prepositions in the 1806 First American Edition of The Diversions of Purley. But the diagram isn't in the chapter on prepositions; it is the frontispiece of the book.

I research further and, sure enough, in the London editions, Wilkins's diagram is located in the chapter on prepositions:

From the 1786 edition:

From the 1798 edition:

From the 1829 edition:

Notice anything different in the engravings? The man's hand is pointing in a different direction in each engraving: pointing up in the 1786 edition; pointing straight in the 1798 edition; and pointing down in the 1840 edition. The man's hand is pointing down in the 1840 and 1857 London editions as well. As mentioned before, the man's hand is pointing straight out in the frontispiece of the 1806 edition engraved by Kneass.

It gets worse, people.

Where there's smoke, there's fire, so I began to wonder if there was a little hanky panky going on with the frontispiece for Vol 2 of the First American Edition of The Diversions of Purley as well. William Kneass was also the engraver of the frontispiece of this volume, showing Mercury putting on his winged sandals. Kneass signed this engraving "W Kneass sc."

I checked the frontispieces of the London editions online. There was no frontispiece in the 1786 edition, but Horne Tooke hired William Sharp (1749-1824) to design the engraving for the frontispiece of the 1798 edition: Mercury putting on his winged sandals. Sharp's engraving was used on all subsequent London editions.

Kneass merely reversed the engraving, and had Mercury putting the winged sandal on his left foot instead of his right foot. Clever eh? Not.

I should mention the following information concerning William Sharp which appeared in the Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year 1825:"He engraved the figure of Mercury putting on his sandal wings after a model or drawing by Banks for The Diversions of Purley (P225)."

Banks would be Thomas Banks (1735-1805),Britain's first modern sculptor. I could find no recorded sculpture of Mercury putting on sandals by Banks. It may have been one of the models or drawings he created while still a student. At any rate, in regards to Sharp's engraving, I am pleased with the phrase "after a model or drawing by Banks." Too bad William Kneass didn't use such a phrase.

Biblio Researching 101

A friend of mine recently asked me to put this book up for auction on eBay for him, with a starting bid of $19.99:  Historical Collections of All Nations by John Frost, Columbus, 1852.  We would split the proceeds.

There were three copies of this book listed for sale on the web –– excluding PODs, of course:  An 1852 edition for $285, an 1854 edition for $115, and an 1857 edition for $250, all of which were in better condition than this copy.

I thought about rebinding the book, but decided it was better to preserve what was left of the original binding.   A former owner had kept the book together by sewing the covers to the spine.

Before listing the auction, I decided to take a few pictures first, beginning with the frontispiece, the title page, and the former owner's inscription on the front free endpaper:

I googled the name, John C. Hardwick, and received over 30,000 hits. No help in identifying the former owner there.  I began flipping its pages again,  looking for interesting illustrations.  I found some interesting pencil drawings too: drawings made by two different people: M. C. Slusser and J. B. Slusser, and on both sides of the the sheets:

The pencil drawings were practically identical with the portraits illustrated in the book:

I soon found out why!

The draftsmen had a little assistance:

Tracing paper!





I had two more names to research:  M. C. Slusser and J. B. Slusser.  But first I wanted to finish taking my pictures. Flipping only a few more pages, however, brought me to a screeching halt!

I knew instantly that this Christiansburg, Va. Confederate Veterans' Reunion Ribbon was probably worth more than  the book itself.  I notified my friend of my findings.  And we discussed selling the ribbon separately.  But then I got to thinking. . . .

Everything might be worth more together if I can trace the history of the book, identify its former owners, and discover their link to the Confederate Veterans' Reunion Ribbon.








Yes!









Welcome to  Biblio Researching 101!



Googling M. C. Slusser brought me a mine of information –– excuse the pun:

The Slusser family owned a coal company store, supplying coal for the residents and businesses in the Blacksburg area.

The Virginia Tech Library has special collections of the Slusser Business Papers and the Slusser Family Papers.  The Slusser family owned and operated a coal mine in Blacksburg, Va. from 1840 to 1950.

Knowing their full names, I was then able to search for and find the gravestones of most of the Slusser Family.  Uncle Murry was Murray Custis Slusser (1872-1964).  J. B. Slusser was Judson B. Slusser (1881-1906), Uncle Murray's brother.  John C. Hardwick was John Cecil Hardwick (1895-1912).  And John H. Slusser (1840-1909), on whose tombstone are the words "Confederate soldier," was John C. Hardwick's grandfather.

John Cecil Hardwick was a student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. And Virginia Tech  has a Hardwick Family Collection as well.

John C. Hardwick was the one who attended the Confederate Veterans Reunion at Christiansburg, Va. on August 22, 1906, probably with his grandfather, the Confederate veteran, John H. Slusser.


And here, my friends, in a nutshell, is a provenance history of the Slusser copy of Historical Collections of All Nations:  

Dr. John B. Slusser (1802-1885), J. C. Hardwick's great-grandfather, was probably the original owner of this book.

John Harvey Slusser (1840-1909), J. C. Hardwick's grandfather, was probably the next owner of the book.

Murray Custis Slusser (1872-1964), J. C. Hardwick's uncle was the next owner of the book.

John C. Hardwick (1895-1912) was the last recorded owner of this book.

I should note that the Slusser pencil drawings were drawn no later than the 1890s, and most likely earlier.  Several sources on the web cite the publishing history of Belfor, Clarke & Co. to be from 1875 to 1892.

And now to see who wants this book, pencil drawings, Confederate Veterans' Reunion Ribbon, and all. . . . Or maybe I'll sell the ribbon separately. . . .

Update:  I'll be selling the book and the ribbon separately on eBay, probably listing them the first week of June.